Abstract The gladiolus is one of the most commercially important cut flowers in Mexico. It was traditionally considered a funeral flower, but its uses have now diversified to many other decorative floral arrangements due to its variety of colors and forms. All the new varieties on the market in Mexico are of foreign origin, such that the generation of new genotypes is needed. In a previous study, flowers originating from irradiated Blanca Borrega variety corms expressed different floral characteristics, shape and size; however, it is unknown whether these characters are fixed in subsequent generations. The objective of the current work was therefore to evaluate the fixed characteristics in the ornamental quality of outstanding cultivars of Blanca Borrega variety gladiolus descended from irradiation with60Co. During the fall-winter (2020-2021) period, corms of outstanding cultivars generated by distinct irradiation doses were planted in sterilized substrate to evaluate corm germination (%), plant height, number of leaves per stem, spike length (cm), combined stem and spike length (cm), number of flowers per spike, flower size (cm), number of leaves, and survival, and to categorize cut flower quality under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) criteria. Our results indicated that the outstanding cultivar derived from the 80 Gy dose presented a Class I classification (Second quality) of the UN/ECE parameters due to its stem height and number of buds, followed by the cultivars descended from irradiation at 10, 30 and 50 Gy and the control, which were placed in Class II (Third quality). Thus, in the third generation the favorable esthetic characteristics of the outstanding cultivars remain fixed.

Resumo O gladíolo é uma das flores de corte mais importantes comercialmente no México. Era tradicionalmente considerada uma flor funerária, mas seus usos agora se diversificaram para muitos outros arranjos florais decorativos devido à sua variedade de cores e formas. Todas as novas variedades no mercado mexicano são de origem estrangeira, de modo que é necessária a geração de novos genótipos. Em estudo anterior, flores provenientes de rebentos irradiados da variedade Blanca Borrega expressaram diferentes características florais, forma e tamanho; no entanto, não se sabe se esses caracteres são corrigidos nas gerações subsequentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, portanto, avaliar as características fixas na qualidade ornamental de cultivares destacadas de gladíolo da variedade Blanca Borrega descendentes da irradiação com 60Co. Durante o período de outono-inverno (2020-2021), rebentos de cultivares excepcionais gerados por diferentes doses de irradiação foram plantados em substrato esterilizado para avaliar a germinação do rebento (%), altura da planta, número de folhas por haste, comprimento do espigão (cm), combinado comprimento do caule e espiga (cm), número de flores por espiga, tamanho da flor (cm), número de folhas e sobrevivência, e para categorizar a qualidade da flor cortada sob os critérios da Comissão Econômica das Nações Unidas para a Europa (UN/ECE). Nossos resultados indicaram que a cultivar de destaque derivada da dose de 80 Gy apresentou classificação Classe I (Segunda qualidade) dos parâmetros UN/ECE devido à altura do caule e número de gemas, seguida pelas cultivares descendentes da irradiação aos 10, 30 e 50 Gy e o controle, que foram colocados na Classe II (Terceira qualidade). Assim, na terceira geração, as características estéticas favoráveis das cultivares de destaque permanecem fixas.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la mecánica pulmonar en el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo pediátrico (SDRAP) asociado a COVID-19 aguda y MIS-C con insuficiencia respiratoria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional multicéntrico concurrente, analizando variables clínicas y mecánica pulmonar del SDRAP asociado a COVID-19 en 4 unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) del Perú. El análisis de subgrupos incluyó el SDRAP asociado a síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños (MIS-C), MIS-PARDS, y el SDRAP con infección respiratoria primaria por COVID-19, C-PARDS. Además, se realizó un análisis de curva operador receptor (ROC) para mortalidad y mecánica pulmonar. Resultados: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes. La edad fue de 7,5 PARDS. C-PARDS tuvo RT-PCR positiva en el 67% y MIS-PARDS ninguna (p < 0,001). El grupo C-PARDS presentaba una hipoxemia más profunda (relación P/F < 100, 86% frente a 38%, p < 0,01) y una presión de conducción más alta [14 (10-22) frente a 10 (10-12) cmH2O], así como una menor distensibilidad del sistema respiratorio (CRS) [0,5 (0,3-0,6) frente a 0,7 (0,6-0,8) ml/kg/cmH2O] en comparación con MIS-PARDS (todos p < 0,05). El análisis ROC para la mortalidad mostró que la presión de conducción tenía el mejor rendimiento [AUC 0,91 (IC95%0,81-1,00), con el mejor punto de corte de 15 cmH2O (100% de sensibilidad y 87% de especificidad). La mortalidad en los C-PARDS fue del 38% y del 7% en los MIS-PARDS (p = 0,09). Los días sin VM fueron 12 (0-23) en la C-PARDS y 23 (21-25) en la MIS-PARDS (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con C-PARDS, presentan características de mecánica pulmonar similares al SDRAP clásico de moderado a grave. Esto no se observó en los pacientes con MIS-C. Como se ha visto en otros estudios, una presión de conducción ≥ 15 cmH2O fue el mejor discriminador de mortalidad. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a guiar las estrategias de manejo ventilatorio para estas dos presentaciones diferentes.

Abstract: Objective: To describe lung mechanics in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) associated with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C with respiratory failure. Methods: A concurrent multicenter observational study was performed, analyzing clinical variables and pulmonary mechanics of PARDS associated with COVID-19 in 4 Pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Peru. The subgroup analysis included PARDS associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), MIS-PARDS, and PARDS with COVID-19 primary respiratory infection, C-PARDS. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for mortality and lung mechanics was performed. Results: 30 patients were included. The age was 7.5 (4-11) years, 60% were male, and mortality was 23%. 47% corresponded to MIS-PARDS and 53% to C-PARDS groups. C-PARDS had positive RT-PCR in 67% and MIS-PARDS none (p < 0.001). C-PARDS group had more profound hypoxemia (P/F ratio < 100, 86% vs. 38%, p < 0.01) and higher driving-pressure [14(10-22) vs 10(10-12) cmH2O], and lower compliance of the respiratory system (CRS) [0.5 (0.3-0.6) vs 0.7(0.6-0.8) ml/ kg/cmH2O] compared with MIS-PARDS (all p < 0.05). The ROC analysis for mortality showed that driving pressure had the best performance [AUC 0.91(95%CI0.81-1.00), with the best cut-off point of 15 cmH2O (100% sensitivity and 87% specificity). Mortality in C-PARDS was 38% and 7% in MIS-PARDS (p = 0.09). MV-free days were 12(0-23) in C-PARDS and 23(21-25) in MIS-PARDS (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Patients with C-PARDS have lung mechanics characteristics similar to classic moderate to severe PARDS. This was not observed in patients with MIS-C. As seen in other studies, a driving pressure ≥ 15 cmH2O was the best discriminator for mortality. These findings may help guide ventilatory management strategies for these two different presentations.

Abstract Google Scholar is a free bibliographic search engine, specialized in retrieving scientific documents from multiple sources and in various disciplines. For example, scientific articles, theses, patents or books, as well as identifying the citations they have received, helping to determine the impact of the publications. It should be noted that Google Scholar is complemented by Google Books, Google Patents, Google Scholar Metrics, Google citations and links to libraries. These features make Google Scholar an ideal tool for searching diverse sources from a single site, making it a powerful competitor to other search engines and citation indexes.

Resumen Google Académico (Google Scholar) es un buscador bibliográfico gratuito, especializado en recuperar documentos científicos de múltiples fuentes y en varias disciplinas. Por ejemplo, artículos científicos, tesis, patentes o libros, además de identificar las citas que éstos han recibido, ayudando a conocer el impacto de las publicaciones. Cabe destacar que Google Académico se complementa con Google Books, Google Patents, Google Scholar Metrics, citas de Google y con los enlaces a bibliotecas. Estas características hacen de Google Académico una herramienta ideal para buscar en diversas fuentes desde un solo sitio, convirtiéndose así en un potente competidor de otros motores de búsqueda e índices de citas.

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle is sensitive to bile acids (BA) because it expresses the TGR5 receptor for BA. Cholic (CA) and deoxycholic (DCA) acids induce a sarcopenia-like phenotype through TGR5-dependent mechanisms. Besides, a mouse model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia was characterised by increased levels of serum BA and muscle weakness, alterations that are dependent on TGR5 expression. Mitochondrial alterations, such as decreased mitochondrial potential and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and unbalanced biogenesis and mitophagy, have not been studied in BA-induced sarcopenia. Methods We evaluated the effects of DCA and CA on mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myotubes and a mouse model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia. We measured mitochondrial mass by TOM20 levels and mitochondrial DNA; ultrastructural alterations by transmission electronic microscopy; mitochondrial biogenesis by PGC-1α plasmid reporter activity and protein levels by western blot analysis; mitophagy by the co-localisation of the MitoTracker and LysoTracker fluorescent probes; mitochondrial potential by detecting the TMRE probe signal; protein levels of OXPHOS complexes and LC3B by western blot analysis; OCR by Seahorse measures; and mtROS by MitoSOX probe signals. Results DCA and CA caused a reduction in mitochondrial mass and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, DCA and CA increased LC3II/LC3I ratio and decreased autophagic flux concordant with raised mitophagosome-like structures. In addition, DCA and CA decreased mitochondrial potential and reduced protein levels in OXPHOS complexes I and II. The results also demonstrated that DCA and CA decreased basal, ATP-linked, FCCP-induced maximal respiration and spare OCR. DCA and CA also reduced the number of cristae. In addition, DCA and CA increased the mtROS. In mice with cholestasis-induced sarcopenia, TOM20, OXPHOS complexes I, II and III, and OCR were diminished. Interestingly, the OCR and OXPHOS complexes were correlated with muscle strength and bile acid levels. Conclusion Our results showed that DCA and CA decreased mitochondrial mass, possibly by reducing mitochondrial biogenesis, which affects mitochondrial function, thereby altering potential OCR and mtROS generation. Some mitochondrial alterations were also observed in a mouse model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia characterised by increased levels of BA, such as DCA and CA.

Resumen Dada la rica variedad de textos recibidos en Educación Química, así como el intenso desarrollo experimentado en los últimos 50 años en investigación educativa en química, es necesaria una nueva clasificación de publicaciones. Aquí se comparten los acuerdos de los miembros del consejo editorial acerca de los criterios de clasificación de cada una de las modalidades de textos que se publican. Con ello se busca orientar mejor, clarificar y enfocar la aportación desde el envío mismo, invitando a más expertos a publicar en esta revista. De la misma manera, se da a conocer una nueva categoría, Relatos de experiencias, que enriquece el corpus de conocimientos de la educación química.

Abstract Given the rich variety of texts received at the Journal of Educación Química, as well as the development that Educational Research in Chemistry has experienced during the last 50 years, classifications in this area must gradually redefine their criteria. The agreements of the members of the editorial board are shared, to clarify these classification criteria for each of the modalities of texts that are published, in such a way that it guides better, in a clearer and more focused way from the very sending of the contribution, and invite more chemistry and science education experts, teachers, and science outreach professionals to publish. In the same way, a new category is disclosed, Experience reports, which enriches the corpus of knowledge of chemical education.

Abstract: Background and Aims: During the Seaflower Scientific Expedition in 2019, extensive seaweed collection was carried out around Old Providence and Santa Catalina islands. Despite the intensive phycological studies realized during the past decade, new reports of macroalgae are still recorded for the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve. The objective of this work is to present three new records of brown algae for Colombia. Methods: The algal sampling was carried out in September 2019 during the Seaflower Scientific Expedition. The samples were collected around the Providencia and Santa Catalina islands in coral patches ecosystems, by SCUBA diving at depths between 3 and 16 m. The algae collected were preserved in a 4% formalin/seawater solution. The identification was carried out using optical and stereoscopic microscopes. All specimens were deposited in the herbarium JIW of the Biology Department of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Key results: Three species of brown algae are newly reported for Colombia: Lobophora declerckii, Taonia abbottiana and Verosphacela ebrachia. Verosphacela has been reported, to date, only from the type locality in Florida and from Isla Mujeres, in Mexico. Due to its cryptic and small habit, it may be much more common than actually reported. Lobophora declerckii is apparently the most common species of Lobophora in the Archipelago. Taonia abbottiana may be much more common than reported to date, but it is easily confused with Stypopodium zonale. Conclusions: Despite the intense phycological research carried out in the past decade in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Old Providence and Santa Catalina, there is still much to be discovered.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Durante la Expedición Científica Seaflower realizada en 2019, se hizo una extensa recolecta de macroalgas alrededor de las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina. No obstante el intenso trabajo ficológico de la última década, se siguen encontrando nuevos registros de macroalgas para la Reserva de la Biosfera Seaflower. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar tres nuevos registros de algas pardas para Colombia. Metodos: El muestreo de algas se realizó en septiembre de 2019 durante la Expedición Científica Seaflower. Las muestras fueron recolectadas alrededor de las islas Providencia y Santa Catalina en ecosistemas de parches de coral, por medio de buceo SCUBA a profundidades entre 3 y 16 m. Las algas recolectadas se conservaron en una solución de formalina/agua de mar al 4%. La identificación se realizó mediante microscopios óptico y estereoscopio. Todos los especímenes fueron depositados en el herbario JIW del Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en Bogotá, Colombia. Resultados clave: Tres especies de algas pardas son reportadas por primera vez para Colombia: Lobophora declerckii, Taonia abbottiana y Verosphacela ebrachia. Verosphacela ha sido reportada, hasta la fecha, solamente en la localidad tipo en Florida y en Isla Mujeres, en México. Debido a su hábito pequeño y críptico, puede ser mucho más común de lo actualmente reportado. Lobophora declerckii parece ser la especie más común de Lobophora en el Archipiélago. Taonia abbottiana puede ser mucho más común de lo reportado actualmente, pero es fácilmente confundida con Stypopodium zonale. Conclusión: No obstante la intensa investigación ficológica llevada a cabo en la última década en el Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, hay todavía mucho por descubrir.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son afecciones complejas de origen multifactorial que tienen como principal característica la preocupación excesiva por el peso y la forma del cuerpo, que causa gran malestar y afectación física llevando a una disminución de la calidad de vida y alteraciones de la funcionalidad del paciente y su entorno social. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los síntomas de orden emocional y conductual de los adolescentes que consultan en la ciudad de Bogotá a un programa especializado en TCA. Métodos: Estudio observacional y descriptivo de corte transversal, para el que se reclutó a pacientes de 11-19 arios con diagnóstico de TCA. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes con diagnóstico de TCA, el 92% mujeres. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue 16,6 ± 1,9 años. El 57% de los pacientes viven en hogar biparental y el 30%, en hogar monoparental. El 72% de la población tenía un rendimiento académico excelente. El 50% de los pacientes estaban moderadamente enfermos. El 60% estaba en tratamiento farmacológico con ISRS. El 65% de los pacientes cumplían criterios clínicos de trastorno de ansiedad; el 30%, de trastorno depresivo; el 22,5%, de problemas de agresividad, y el 17,5%, de conducta delictiva. El 72,5% de la muestra muestra criterios clínicos de síntomas internalizantes y el 42,5%, de síntomas externalizantes, y la mayoría de ellos son pacientes con diagnóstico de bulimia nerviosa. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con bulimia nerviosa obtuvieron en los diferentes síntomas de orden emocional y conductual puntuaciones superiores que con los demás trastornos alimentarios. Esta entidad ofrece mayor psicopatología, la cual se debe examinar rigurosamente al momento de la atención clínica, buscando disminuir el impacto funcional que estos síntomas generan en el individuo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex conditions of multifactorial origin. Their main characteristic is excessive concern about body weight and shape, which causes great discomfort and physical problems and leads to a decrease in quality of life and alterations in the patient's functionality social environment. The objective of this study is to describe the emotional and behavioural symptoms of adolescents who consult a specialised ED programme in the city of Bogota. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, for which patients between 11 and 19 years old with an ED diagnosis were recruited. Results: Forty patients with an ED diagnosis were included, of which 92% were female. The mean age of the patients was 16.6 ± 1.9 years; 57% of patients live in a two-parent home and 30% in a single-parent home; 72% of the sample had excellent academic performance; 50% were moderately ill; 60% received pharmacological management with SSRIs; 65% of patients met clinical criteria for anxiety disorder, 30% for depressive disorder; 22.5% had aggression problems; 17.5% criminal behaviour; 72.5% of the sample met clinical criteria for internalising symptoms and 42.5% for externalising symptoms, the majority being patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Conclusions: Patients with bulimia nervosa obtained higher scores in the different emotional and behavioural symptoms than those with other eating disorders. This condition is associated with greater psychopathology, which must be examined rigorously at the time of clinical care, seeking to reduce the functional impact that these symptoms generate on the individual.

Resumen La caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp. híbridos) es el cultivo agroindustrial más importante de regiones tropicales. Recientemente, en sus hojas se han observado estrías cloróticas asociadas con la bacteria Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans que afecta la capacidad fotosin tética de la planta y su rendimiento. El comportamiento espacio temporal es un elemento importante para el manejo integral de las enfermedades. Con el objetivo de determinar la distribución espacial del moteado clorótico en caña de azúcar en el sureste de México, se georreferenciaron 80 puntos en forma aleatoria en 2016 y 2017, para determinar la inci dencia de la enfermedad. Se generó un semivariograma experimental ajustado a un modelo teórico preestablecido y se estimó el Kriging. La incidencia de la enfermedad fue de 2,93% (2016) y 5,36% (2017) en las variedades ICP-MEX-92-1420, CP-72-2086, ITV-92-373, MEX-79434 y MEX-69-290. El comportamiento espacial se ajustó al modelo Penta-esférico en 2016 y Esférico en 2017. La interpolación espacial se validó con valores cercanos a cero de la Media del Error (ME), Raíz del Error Cuadrático Medio (RMSE) y Media Estandarizada del Error de predicción (MSPE), visualizándose en el mapa obtenido. Los resultados permitirán direccionar el manejo integral del moteado clorótico en caña de azúcar en la zona afectada.

Abstract Sugar cane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is the most important agroindustrial crop of the tropics. Recently, sugar cane plants with chlorotic leaf streaking associated with the bacterium Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans have been observed. This disease impacts photosynthetic capacity and yield. Characterizing the spatio-temporal behavior of chlorotic mottling using prediction maps is an important element of integrated disease management. Here, we determine the spatial distribution of mottled stripe disease in sugar cane in southeastern Mexico. To do this, we randomly chose and georeferenced 80 points in commercial plots in 2016 and 2017 to determine the disease incidence. We generated an experimental semivariogram based on a predetermined theoretical model and estimated Kriging. The incidence was 2.93% in 2016 and 5.36% in 2017 in varieties ICP-MEX-92-1420, CP-72-2086, ITV-92-373, MEX-79434 and MEX-69-290. The spatial behavior of the bacteria fit the pentaspherical model in 2016 and the spherical model in 2017. Spatial interpolation was validated by Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Standardized Prediction Error (MSPE) values near zero, visualized using the generated map. The results will be used to guide management of mottled stripe disease in sugar cane in the affected area.

Resumen Objetivo: este artículo se propone identificar diferentes modelos de promoción de la salud (PS), y analizar cómo ha evolucionado la promoción de la salud a partir de los lineamientos de los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) y su aplicabilidad en los países. Metodología: se parte de una revisión temática, de los artículos en Pubmed, Lilac y Scielo, mediante los operadores booleanos ((promoción salud) or (atención primaria)) and ((determinantes sociales) or (determinación social)), en los últimos 5 años; se obtuvieron 178 artículos en Lilac, 69 en Scielo, 132 en Pubmed; 33 en scholar.google.com, gracias a los descriptores: “modelos, enfoques y teorías” and PS. Resultados: las principales áreas identificadas fueron: atención primaria, DSS, políticas públicas, salud bucal, políticas de salud, servicios de salud, accesibilidad, enfermedades crónicas. Se analiza la lógica de la prevención y su diferenciación con la racionalidad de PS, a partir de un análisis del contexto de la práctica internacional. Se discute la confusión entre promoción y prevención y la falta de desarrollo de los niveles colectivos y comunitarios de la PS basados en la atención primaria en salud. Conclusiones: la PS y la prevención no lograron ser desarrolladas en los sistemas de salud. Muchos de los postulados teóricos de la PS han sido relegados. Se proponen varios niveles de intervención en PS: contextual, macro, meso, micro, individual, y acciones globales, estratégicas, comunitarias, interpersonales e intrapersonales. Hace falta más investigación sobre DSS, que establezca el balance entre lo individual y lo colectivo en PS.

Resumo Objetivo: este artigo se propõe identificar diferentes modelos de promoção da saúde (PS), e analisar como tem evolucionado a promoção da saúde a partir dos lineamentos dos determinantes sociais da saúde (DSS) e sua aplicabilidade nos países. Metodologia: parte-se de uma revisão temática, dos artigos em Pubmed, Lilac e Scielo, mediante os operadores booleanos ((promoção saúde) ou (atenção primaria)) e ((determinantes sociais) ou (determinação social)), nos últimos 5 anos; se obtiveram 178 artigos em Lilac, 69 em Scielo, 132 em Pubmed; 33 em scholar.google.com, graças aos descritores: “modelos, enfoques e teorias” e PS. Resultados: as principais áreas identificadas foram: atenção primaria, DSS, políticas públicas, saúde bucal, políticas de saúde, serviços de saúde, acessibilidade, doenças crônicas. Analisa-se a lógica da prevenção e sua diferenciação com a racionalidade de PS, a partir de uma análise do contexto da prática internacional. Discute-se a confusão entre promoção e prevenção e a falta de desenvolvimento dos níveis coletivos e comunitários da PS baseados na atenção primaria em saúde. Conclusões: a PS e a prevenção não conseguiram ser desenvolvidas nos sistemas de saúde. Muitos dos postulados teóricos da PS tem sido relegados. Propõem-se vários níveis de intervenção em PS: contextual, macro, micro, individual, e ações globais, estratégicas, comunitárias, interpessoais e intrapessoais. Faz falta mais pesquisa sobre DSS, que estabeleçam o balanço entre o individual e o coletivo em PS.

Abstract Objective: This article intends to identify different models of health promotion (HP), and analyze how health promotion has evolved from the guidelines of social determinants (SDH) and its applicability in the countries. Methodology: starting from a thematic review of the articles in Pubmed, Lilac and Scielo, using the Boolean operators (PS) or (primary care) and (SDH) or (social determinants of health) in the last 5 years. A total of 178 articles were obtained in Lilac, 69 in Scielo, 132 in Pubmed. A total of 33 articles were found in scholar.google.com, thanks to the descriptors, “models, approaches and theories“ and PS. Results: the main areas identified are: primary care, SDH, public policies, oral health, health policies, health services, accessibility. The logic of prevention and its differentiation with the rationality of PS is analyzed, based on an analysis of the context of international practice. The confusion between promotion and prevention and the lack of development of the collective and community levels of HP based on primary health care, are discussed. Conclusions: PS and prevention failed to be developed in health systems. Many of the theoretical postulates of PS have been relegated. Several levels of intervention in PS are proposed: contextual, macro, meso, micro, individual, and global, strategic, community, interpersonal and intrapersonal actions. More research is needed on SDH, which establishes the balance between the individual and the collective, in PS.

Resumen Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, para la prevención primaria y secundaria, el tratamiento de las lesiones preneoplásicas y el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer gástrico en población adulta, con el propósito de reducir la carga de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: El grupo desarrollador estuvo integrado por profesionales de la salud y tomadores de decisiones. Se construyeron preguntas clínicas contestables y se realizó la graduación de los desenlaces. Se elaboró la búsqueda de la información en MEDLINE; EMBASE y CENTRAL, siendo actualizada el 18 de octubre de 2018. La pesquisa también abarcó otras fuentes de información como la Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología y la lectura en "bola de nieve" de las referencias incluidas. Se contactó a expertos en la materia con el objetivo de identificar estudios relevantes no publicados. Para la construcción de las recomendaciones, se realizó un consenso acorde con los lineamientos propuestos por la metodología GRADE, sopesando los beneficios, los efectos adversos derivados de la intervención, las preferencias de los pacientes y el potencial impacto de las intervenciones sobre los costos. Resultados: Se presenta la versión corta de la "Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención primaria, secundaria y diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico", junto con su evidencia de soporte y respectivas recomendaciones. Conclusiones: Como recomendación central para la implementación, se recomienda erradicar la infección por H. pylori en los pacientes con o sin factores de riesgo, como estrategia de prevención de las condiciones precursoras de cáncer gástrico. La Guía deberá actualizarse en tres años.

Abstract Objetive: Generate recommendations for primary and secondary prevention, treatment of gastric preneoplastic lesions, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer in the adult population, to increase the detection of gastric cancer in early stages. Material and methods: The developer group was made up of health professionals, decision-makers, and a representative of the patients. Answerable clinical questions were constructed and outcomes were graded. The search for information in MEDLINE was carried out; EMBASE and CENTRAL, being updated on October 18, 2018. The search also covered other sources of information such as the Colombian Journal of Gastroenterology and the "snowball" reading of the references included. Experts in the field were contacted to identify studies. For the construction of the recommendations, a consensus was made according to the guidelines proposed by the GRADE methodology, weighing the benefits, the adverse effects derived from the intervention, the preferences of the patients, and the potential impact of the interventions on costs. Results: The short version of the "Clinical practice guidelines for the primary, secondary, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer" is presented together with its supporting evidence and respective recommendations. Conclusions: As a central recommendation for implementation, it is recommended to eradicate H. pylori infection in patients with or without risk factors in whom it is detected to prevent gastric cancer precursor conditions. The Guide will need to be updated in three years.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The speed of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put enormous pressure on hospitals and other healthcare facilities. This, together with blockages in several countries, has hindered the availability and accessibility of the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). OBJECTIVE: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the available scientific evidence on the efficacy, safety, safe use and reuse of PPE for healthcare professionals, for preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of studies analyzing products for disinfecting and enabling reuse of PPE for coronavirus within the evidence-based health program of a federal university in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS databases, for articles published up to November 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected. These analyzed the use of N95, surgical and cotton masks, face shields, flexible enclosures with plastic covers or polycarbonate intubation boxes and plastic curtains; and also PPE disinfection using several substances. CONCLUSION: Combined use of a face shield with a N95 mask proved to be superior to other associations for protecting healthcare workers. Some products are useful for disinfecting PPE, such as 70% ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite and a mixture of quaternary ammonium and H2O2, and hydrogen peroxide. Ultraviolet light and dry heat at 70 °C can be used to decontaminate N95 masks. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4V5FD at the OPENSCIENCE Framework.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose endêmica no Brasil. Os cães são os principais hospedeiros em ambientes urbanos. O tratamento ganhou popularidade desde que o governo brasileiro autorizou a miltefosina para tratamento canino. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento a curto prazo com miltefosina e alopurinol, isoladamente e/ou em combinação. Foi avaliada a capacidade da farmacoterapia em reduzir os sinais clínicos da doença e também os níveis de anticorpos, usando-se o teste de anticorpos de fluorescência indireta (RIFI) e a carga parasitária na pele, via qPCR, após 28 dias de tratamento. Os protocolos terapêuticos promoveram declínio significativo dos sinais clínicos e da carga parasitária na pele dos cães (p < 0,01). Foi observada uma correlação moderada entre a carga parasitária da pele e o escore clínico em todos os três grupos de tratamento (r > 0,5). Já os níveis de anticorpos não diminuíram nesse curto período. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com alopurinol, em curto prazo, reduziu a quantidade de parasitos na pele dos cães com leishmaniose visceral. No entanto, sua eficiência é potencializada quando associada a miltefosina.

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil. Dogs are the main hosts in urban environments. The treatment has gained popularity since the Brazilian government authorized miltefosine for canine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol, alone and in combination. We evaluated the ability of pharmacotherapy to reduce clinical signs of disease, antibody levels using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and skin parasite load via qPCR after 28 days of treatment. The therapeutic protocols promoted a significant decline in clinical signs and in the skin parasite load in dogs (p < 0.01). We observed a moderate correlation between the skin parasite load and the clinical score in all three treatment groups (r > 0.5) Antibody levels did not decrease in this short period. It was concluded that the treatment with allopurinol reduced the number of parasites in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in the short term. However, its efficiency is potentiated when associated with miltefosine.

Resumen Uromyces viciae-fabae ha incrementado su importancia económica en regiones productoras del centro de México y es conveniente que se cuente con un modelo para cuantificar su severidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar y validar una escala diagramática para evaluar la severidad de la roya en hojas de haba. Se colectaron hojas de haba infectadas naturalmente en diferentes grados de daño en plantaciones comerciales del Valle de Toluca, y hojas sanas. Se tomaron 110 hojas representativas y se realizó una discriminación para seleccionar el rango de forma visual, posteriormente se digitalizaron y evaluaron para obtener el valor real de la severidad de cada hoja con el software ©ASSESS 2.0. Se generó una escala diagramática con 6 clases, y se verificó su exactitud, precisión (b0) y reproducibilidad (b1) mediante la evaluación de 58 hojas por 20 evaluadores. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron mediante una regresión lineal simple; en la evaluación inicial de selección se obtuvieron valores promedio de r² de 0.738, sin escala, mientras que para la evaluación donde se usó la escala propuesta la media fue de 0.93, lo que confirma niveles adecuados de exactitud y reproducibilidad que puede brindar la escala propuesta para esta enfermedad.

Abstract Uromyces viciae-fabae has increased in economic importance in broad bean-producing regions of central Mexico. It is therefore convenient to have a standardized system to quantify its severity. The objective of this study was to generate and validate a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the severity of rust on broad bean leaves. We collected infected broad bean leaves with different degrees of damage from commercial crops in the Valle de Toluca and the southeastern region of Mexico State. One hundred and ten leaves representing the disease were taken and group discrimination was carried out to select the ranking visually. Then, the leaves were scanned and evaluated to obtain the real severity value for each leaf using the software ©ASSESS 2.0. A six-class diagrammatic scale was generated: 0 (0.0), 1 (>0.1-6.0), 2 (>6.1-12.0), 3 (>12.1-24.0), 4 (>24.1-56.0) y 5(>56.1-<100), and the exactitude, precision, and reproducibility of its estimations were verified. Fifty-eight leaves were evaluated by 20 evaluators without previous knowledge of the disease; the results obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression. In the initial selection evaluation, average r² values of 0.738 were obtained, without scale, while for the evaluation where the proposed scale was used, the average was 0.93, which confirms adequate levels of accuracy and reproducibility that the proposed scale can provide, for this disease.

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de la implementación de diversas estrategias para atender la problemática en salud bucal, aun esta adolece de una visión de integralidad del ser humano y la práctica sanitaria. Objetivo: Analizar desde una perspectiva interpretativa y crítica la salud bucal, con énfasis en el caso colombiano, como práctica sanitaria y profesional, siguiendo la lógica de su relación con la salud sistémica y la salud pública. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de tipo documental, mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed y Google escolarship (GS) en los últimos 5 años con los términos booleanos (periodontitis or oral pahology) and (systemic diseases), para la pregunta guía: ¿Cómo la patología bucal influye en las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles? Resultados: Se identificaron asociaciones de la patología bucal con la salud sistémica, con las ECNT (diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, embarazo y eclampsia, enfermedad perinatal, Alzheimer), entre otras. Conclusiones: Es consistente en la literatura la relación biunívoca de la enfermedad periodontal con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, aunque no se concluye sobre relaciones de causalidad. Se proponen algunas estrategias de salud pública y articulación de la práctica sanitaria interprofesional.

Abstract Introduction: Despite the implementation of diverse strategies to address oral health problems, they still lack an integral vision of both the human being and health practice. Objective: To analyze oral health as a medical and professional practice from an interpretative and critical perspective. The Colombian context was highlighted as well as the association of oral health with systemic and public health. Materials and methods: A documentary narrative review was conducted, searching the Boolean terms: (periodontitis or oral pathology) and (systematic diseases). The guiding question used was, “How does oral pathology affect chronic non-communicable diseases?” and the search included the last five years. Results: Associations of oral health with systemic health, CNCDs (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, eclampsia, perinatal disease, and Alzheimer’s), among others, were identified. Conclusions: A biunivocal relationship between periodontal disease and chronic non-communicable diseases is consistent in the literature, but causal relationships are difficult to conclude. Both public health strategies and an articulation of the interprofessional health practice are proposed.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic generated many controversies in the management of critically ill pediatric patients. The main ones were about ventilatory support, phenotypic differences between adults and children, and acute and subacute clinical forms. For this reason, the Respiratory Committee (RC) of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Intensive Care (SLACIP) generated a document to summarize the recommendations with the best evidence. The objective of these recommendations is to provide an update on issues related to pediatric COVID-19. Methods and Materials The Respiratory Committee created a group composed of 19 pediatric kinesiologists/physiotherapists and intensivists from 8 Latin American countries and defined on 3/27/20 the 15 most relevant topics, assigning 3 referents and 2 reviewers for each. The manuscripts went through 4 stages until their final version. The complete document was freely distributed on 22/05/20 and updated twice (07/08/20 and 02/09/21). For the current version there were 3 special collaborators. Result The material consists of a complete 94-page document and an executive summary. The topics included are case definition, epidemiology, clinical classification, subacute inflammatory syndrome, personal protective equipment, aerosolization situations (intubation, extubation, suctioning, sampling, filter replacement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early mobilization), high flow cannula support, invasive, non-invasive and high frequency mechanical ventilation, pharmacological treatment, laboratory and imaging. Conclusion The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for nurses, kinesiologists/physiotherapists and physicians in the management of critically ill pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 generó muchas controversias en el manejo de los pacientes pediátricos críticos. Las principales fueron sobre el soporte ventilatorio, las diferencias fenotípicas entre adultos y niños y las formas clínicas aguda y subaguda.Por esa razón el Comité Respiratorio (CR) de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (SLACIP) generó un documento para resumir las recomendaciones con mayor evidencia. El objetivo de estas recomendaciones es brindar una actualización de temas relacionados a COVID-19 pediátrico.Métodos y Materiales El Comité Respiratorio creó un grupo compuesto por 19 kinesiólogos/fisioterapeutas y médicos intensivistas pediátricos de 8 países de Latinoamérica y definió el 27/03/20 los 15 temas más relevantes, asignando 3 referentes y 2 revisores por cada uno. Los manuscritos pasaron por 4 etapas hasta su versión final. El documento completo se distribuyó libremente el 22/05/20, actualizándose en dos oportunidades (07/08/20 y el 02/09/21). Para la versión actual se contó con 3 colaboradores especiales.Resultado El material se compone de un documento completo de 94 páginas y un resumen ejecutivo. Los temas incluidos son definición de caso, epidemiología, clasificación clínica, síndrome inflamatorio subagudo, equipos de protección personal, situaciones de aerosolización (intubación, extubación, aspiración, toma de muestras, recambio de filtros, reanimación cardiopulmonar, movilización temprana), soporte con cánula de alto flujo, ventilación mecánica invasiva, no invasiva y de alta frecuencia, tratamiento farmacológico, laboratorio e imágenes.Conclusión La elaboración de este documento ha tenido como fin servir de guía para enfermeros, kinesiólogos/fisioterapeutas y médicos en el manejo de pacientes pediátricos en estado crítico por COVID-19.